Šusta R.: Binary Prerequisite, CTU in Prague, FEE 2022, 29 pg. (pdf file 2.6 MB)
Many have certainly encountered binary numbers during their previous studies, but others have only experienced them fleetingly. We have written the prerequisite to standardize the input knowledge necessary for our following textbooks.
We present the coding of binary integers as unsigned and signed numbers and explain their overflows during additions or subtractions. Furthermore, we will describe the logical and arithmetic shifts essential in logic circuits. In languages C, C #, and Java, they are partially included as shift operators << and >>. Finally, we will briefly discuss the hexadecimal notation, necessary BCD coding, and ASCII characters.
Šusta R.: Logic Circuits On FPGAs, CTU in Prague, FEE 2022, 135 pg. (pdf file 8.4 MB)
Today, circuits are designed mainly by textual statements of some HDL (Hardware Description Language). For example, we can utilize VHDL, Verilog, or System Verilog. The textbook serves as a springboard for design that can solved with any HDL language. It explains general knowledge about logic circuits with the aid of schematics. For some circuits, its versions are given when implemented on widespread FPGAs, Field Programmable Gate Arrays, suitable for individual or small series of chips, where they overtop too costly monolithic integrated circuit designs.